Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium). It’s usually caused by a viral infection, but it can also be triggered by bacteria, autoimmune conditions, or certain medications. The inflammation can affect how your heart pumps blood and may lead to serious complications in some cases.

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Some people recover quickly, while others may need treatment or monitoring for longer periods.

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What are the symptoms of Myocarditis?

 

Symptoms can vary depending on how mild or severe the inflammation is. In some people, there are no symptoms at all. Others may feel unwell with signs of heart involvement.

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Common symptoms include:

• Chest pain or discomfort

• Tiredness or fatigue

• Shortness of breath

• Irregular heartbeat (palpitations)

• Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet

• Dizziness or fainting

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In children, symptoms may include:

• Rapid breathing

• Fever

• Vomiting

• Poor feeding

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What increases my risk of Myocarditis?

 

You may be more at risk if you have:

• A recent viral illness

• A weakened immune system

• Autoimmune conditions

• Exposure to toxic substances or drugs

• Certain vaccinations (very rare side effect)

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Although rare, myocarditis can also affect healthy young adults and athletes.

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How is Myocarditis diagnosed?

 

Diagnosis can be difficult because symptoms often look like other conditions. Your doctor may start with a physical exam and ask about recent infections or illnesses.

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Tests may include:

• ECG (electrocardiogram) – to check your heart’s rhythm

• Blood tests – to look for signs of inflammation or infection

• Chest X-ray – to check your heart size and fluid in the lungs

• Echocardiogram – to assess your heart function

• MRI scan – to look at heart inflammation

• Heart biopsy – in rare cases, a small sample of heart tissue is tested

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What is the treatment for Myocarditis?

 

Treatment depends on the cause and how severe your symptoms are.

In mild cases, rest and monitoring may be enough. In more serious cases, treatment may include:

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• Medication, such as:

  • Anti-inflammatory drugs

  • Heart failure medication (if the heart is affected)

  • Antiviral or antibiotic treatment (if an infection is found)

  • Immunosuppressants for autoimmune causes

• Lifestyle advice, such as avoiding intense physical activity until the heart recovers

• Hospital care, if you have severe symptoms like breathlessness or abnormal heart rhythms

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Most people recover fully, but some may develop complications such as heart failure or arrhythmias.

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More information:

For further guidance on myocarditis, visit the NHS or see advice from the British Heart Foundation.