Hypertension is when the pressure of the blood in your arteries is consistently too high. Your heart has to work harder to pump blood around your body. Over time, this can damage your blood vessels and organs.

​

It usually doesn’t cause symptoms, which is why it’s often called a “silent” condition. But if untreated, it can increase your risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney disease and other serious health problems.

​

What are the symptoms of Hypertension?

 

Most people with high blood pressure won’t notice any symptoms. You might only find out you have it after a routine check.

In rare cases, very high blood pressure can cause symptoms such as:

​

• Headaches

• Nosebleeds

• Blurred vision

• Chest pain

• Shortness of breath

• Dizziness

​

If you have symptoms, it’s important to see a doctor straight away.

​

What increases my risk of Hypertension?

 

Several things can raise your risk. Some you can control, others you can’t.

Common risk factors include:

​

• Age – risk increases as you get older

• Family history of high blood pressure

• Being overweight

• Lack of physical activity

• Eating too much salt

• Drinking too much alcohol

• Smoking

• Stress

• Certain health conditions like diabetes or kidney disease

​

How is Hypertension diagnosed?

 

High blood pressure is usually diagnosed using a blood pressure monitor. Your doctor might take readings at different times or ask you to monitor it at home.

Other tests might include:

​

• Blood tests – to check for kidney problems or cholesterol levels

• Urine tests – to look for protein in your urine

• ECG (electrocardiogram) – to check your heart’s rhythm and activity

• 24-hour ambulatory monitoring – to measure your blood pressure over a day

​

What is the treatment for Hypertension?

 

The aim is to reduce your blood pressure to a safe level and lower your risk of complications.

Treatment usually includes:

​

• Lifestyle changes, such as:

  • Reducing salt

  • Exercising regularly

  • Eating a balanced diet

  • Losing weight if needed

  • Cutting back on alcohol

  • Stopping smoking

• Medication, such as:

  • ACE inhibitors

  • Calcium channel blockers

  • Diuretics

  • Beta blockers

​

Your doctor will choose the right medicine based on your age, overall health, and any other conditions you may have.

​

More information:

For more support on managing high blood pressure, visit the NHS High Blood Pressure page or the British Heart Foundation.